A person looking confused with their hands turned up on the side with I, you, they, them, we, us, her, he appearing around.

Confused about English pronouns?

Consider these sentences:

  • I know you.

  • You know me

Both sentences have no mistakes.

But why do we need to say, “You know me”? Why is it WRONG to say, “You know I”?

“I” and “me” are both personal pronouns, but they have different jobs in a sentence. "I" is an example of a subject pronoun. "Me" is an example of an object pronoun.

What exactly are subject and object pronouns?

Object pronouns are catchers

Bugs Bunny holding a baseball mitt trying to catch a fast baseball coming to him.

In the image above, Bugs Bunny tries to catch a ball, but the ball pushes him (very fast!). "Him" is an object pronoun.

Remember the first example sentence: I know you.

Like "him," “you” has the job of catcher. It receives (catches) the action of the verb “know.” It is the object of “know.”

Here, “you” is an object pronoun. 

Now, remember the second example sentence: You know me.

"Me" catches the action of "know." It is an object pronoun.

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Examples of object pronouns:

  • Leo: Thanks for the sandwiches! I love them.

  • Ava: Don’t thank me. Dan made them. You can thank him!

Subject pronouns are heroes!

Muppet wearing a silver helmet, letter G, and red cape blowing in the wind

For “I know you,” "I"is the hero, showing the subject.

“I” is always a subject pronoun. It shows the subject of a verb. The subject is the hero of the verb’s action—the one who does the action.

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Now, remember the second example sentence: You know me.

Here, “you” is a subject pronoun. It has switched roles! “You” is now the hero, and “me” is the catcher (object pronoun). 

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Examples of subject pronouns:

  • Leo: I have cake!

  • Dan: You do? I want it, please!

  • Leo: It’s ready to eat! You can have this fork.

  • Dan: Thanks! We can also bring some cake to Ava. She loves cake!

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Wait…this Byte is about examples of object pronouns! Why are we talking about subject pronouns?

Answer: Subject pronouns and object pronouns are very common in sentences. It's easy to confuse them. To make them less confusing, it's important to talk about both.

Pronoun forms

Each subject pronoun has a matching object pronoun.

Sometimes, the subject and object forms are the same. Also, 2nd person pronouns are the same in singular and plural.

Table showing all subject pronouns (I, you, she, he, it, we, they) and object pronouns (me, you, her, him, it, us, you, them) Table created by the author with Canva. To hear an audio description of the table, click play on the audio player below:

The subject pronouns each fit in this blank: _____ love dogs.

  • You love dogs.

  • He loves* dogs. (“He,” “she,” and “it” change the verb ending in simple present tense. )

  • We love dogs.

The object pronouns each fit in this blank: Dogs love _____.

  • Dogs love you.

  • Dogs love him.

  • Dogs love us.

Quiz

Which sentence uses pronouns *correctly*? Choose any correct answer:

More uses of object pronouns

These examples of object pronouns are also correct:

  1. Where are they?

  2. Give the cake to me!

  3. The dog loves both you and me.

  4. He goes to school with Kat and me.

Actor Neil Patrick Harris scrunching his nose, squinting, and asking,

Why?

1

Sentence: Where are they?

“They” is after the verb, but it is still the subject of “is.” We still need a subject pronoun, not an object pronoun. English switches the order of words in a question like this.

2

Sentence: Give the cake to me!

“To” is a preposition. Pronouns use object forms after prepositions.

3

Sentence: The dog loves both you and me.

“You” and “me” are both receiving/catching the action “loves.” 

4

Sentence: He goes to school with Kat and me.

“Kat” and “me” are both objects of the preposition “with,” similar to example 2.

Quiz

Look at this sentence: "The president is giving a medal to _____!" Which pronouns can correctly fit in the blank space? Choose any correct answer:

Common mistakes

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These sentences are INCORRECT:

  1. This cat hates Carol and I.

  2. Me and Carol love cats.

Why?

1 incorrectly uses a subject pronoun.

2 incorrectly uses an object pronoun.

Many English speakers confuse subject and object pronouns when the pronouns are next to "and."

However, conjunctions like "and" do not change the pronoun form. Pronoun forms only change when their roles change.

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How do we fix these sentences?

  1. This cat hates Carol and me. ("Carol" and "me" are both objects.)

  2. Carol and I love cats. ("Carol" and "I" are both subjects.)

...and why NOT "I and Carol love cats"?

"Me and Carol" doen't fit formal English word order. In a list, we give third-person nouns/pronouns (Carol), then second-person pronouns, and finally first-person pronouns (I/me). This word order is the same for subjects, objects, and any other role a noun/pronoun is playing.

Conversation example

At the Art Museum

A life-size statue of singer Elvis Presley playing guitar and dancing Photo credit: Mid-Hudson Auction Galleries

Examples of object pronouns are in bold.

  • Leo: Do you like the statue?

  • Ava: It's not beautiful to me...but someone probably likes it!

  • Dan: It confuses me. Why did someone make a statue of him?

  • Ava: The museum guides are talking about it now. I want to hear them.

  • Leo: They're not talking to us. I don't want to be rude!

  • Dan: I'll listen with you, Ava.

  • Leo: It's art! Just enjoy it!

Quiz

Imagine that you're at the grocery store. You might hear people saying these sentences. Which sentences *correctly use* object pronouns? Choose any correct answer:

Take Action

Keep practicing! May the Force be with you! (Famous movie quotes have MANY object pronouns.)

 Carrie Fisher as (General) Princess Leia saying,

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